Traditional Indian Medicines Used for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Traditional Indian Medicines Used for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of individuals with diabetes in 2011 crossed 366 million, with an estimated 4.6 million deaths each year [2]. The Indian subcontinent has emerged as the capital of this diabetes epidemic. The reported prevalence of diabetes in adults between the ages of 20 and 79 is as follows: India 8.31%, Bangladesh 9.85%, Nepal 3.03%, Sri Lanka 7.77%, and Pakistan 6.72% [3].

Indians show a significantly higher age-related prevalence of diabetes when compared with several other populations [4]. For a given BMI, Asian Indians display a higher insulin level which is an indicator of peripheral insulin resistance.

A wide collection of plant-derived active principles representing numerous bioactive compounds have established their role for possible use in the treatment of diabetes [10].

The most common and effective antidiabetic medicinal plants of Indian origin are Babul (Acacia arabica), bael(Aegle marmelose), church steeples (Agrimonia eupatoria), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), ghrita kumara (Aloe vera), neem (Azadirachta indica), ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), fever nut (Caesalpinia bonducella), bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis), ivy gourd (Coccinia indica), eucalyptus(Eucalyptus globules), banyan tree (Ficus benghalenesis), gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre), gurhal (Hibiscus rosa-sinesis), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), purging Nut (Jatropha curcas), mango (Mangifera indica), karela(Momordica charantia), mulberry (Morus alba), kiwach (Mucuna pruriens), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), bisasar(Pterocarpus marsupium), anar (Punica granatum), jamun (Syzygium cumini), giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), and methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum). All these plants are a rich source of phytochemicals.

2. Indian Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Potential

2.1. Ficus religiosa

Ficus religiosa, commonly known as peepal in India, belongs to family Moraceae. Ficus religiosa has been reported to be used in the traditional system of Ayurveda for the treatment of diabetes [11]. F. religiosa has been shown to possess a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities: antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, antiulcer, antianxiety, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, immunomodulatory, estrogenic, endothelin receptor antagonist, apoptosis inducer, cognitive enhancer, and antihypertensive [12].

Decoction prepared from the bark is used in treatment of diabetes [13]. The plant is believed to contain several bioactive principles including tannins, saponins, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and sterols. Sitosterol-d-glucoside present in the bark of Ficus religiosa is believed to elicit hypoglycemic activity in rabbits [14]. The bioactive components present in Ficus are leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside, leucopelargonidin-3-O-alpha-L rhamnoside [15, 16]. The phytoconstituents present in Ficus can impart a significant antidiabetic effect. It has been reported to contain phytosterols, flavonoids, tannins, and furanocoumarin derivatives, namely, bergapten and bergaptol [17].

The leaves of Ficus religiosa have also been studied for antihyperglycemic activity [18]. Oral incorporation of aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa for 21 days caused a significant lowering in blood glucose levels, and an elevated level of insulin has been observed. The skeletal muscle is an important site for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Decrease in muscle and hepatic glycogen in diabetes was observed to be corrected by peepal extract [19, 20].

Secondary complications of diabetes that is hypercholesteremia and hypertriglyceridemia were found to decrease through significantly reduced serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels in STZ-diabetic rats [21]. Administration of aqueous extract of bark at the dose of 500 mg/kg has been reported to ameliorate blood glucose level, hepatic enzymes, and lipid parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [22].

Oxidative stress is one of the major etiologies in the pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes. F. religiosa has been reported to modulate the enzymes of antioxidant defence system to combat oxidative stress. Restoration of glutathione and inhibition of malondialdehyde content has shown the antioxidative property ofFicus religiosa [23].

2.2. Eugenia jambolana

Eugenia jambolana (black plum or jamun) belongs to the family Myrtaceae. The most commonly used plant parts are seeds, leaves, fruits, and bark. Eugenia jambolana is an evergreen tropical tree of 8 to 15 m height, with smooth, glossy turpentine-smelling leaves. The bark is scaly gray, and the trunk is forked. There are fragrant white flowers in branched clusters at stem tips and purplish-black oval edible berries. The berries contain only one seed. The taste is generally acidic to fairly sweet but astringent. This tree is known to have grown in Indian subcontinent and in other regions of South Asia such as Nepal, Burma, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh from ancient time.

Jamun has been reported to be used in numerous complementary and alternative medicine systems of India and, before the discovery of insulin, was a frontline antidiabetic medication even in Europe. The brew prepared by jamun seeds in boiling water has been used in the various traditional systems of medicine in India [24].

Eugenia jambolana is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes and several other diseases. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and hydrolysable tannins (1-0-galloyl castalagin and casuarinin). The seeds also contain alkaloid jambosine and glycoside jamboline, which slows down the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar [25].

The whole plant of Eugenia jambolana is reported to show antioxidative defence due to numerous phytochemical constituents present in it. The bark of jamun is rich in several bioactive compounds including quercetin, betulinic acid, B- sitosterol, eugenin, ellagic and gallic acid [26], bergenin [27], tannins [28], and flavonoids. Fruits contain glucose, fructose, raffinose [29], malic acid [30], and anthocyanins [31]; leaves are rich in acylated flavonol glycosides [32], quercetin, myricetin, and tannins [33] all of which have hypoglycemic ability.

The blood glucose-lowering effect of Eugenia jambolana may be due to increased secretion of insulin from the pancreas or by inhibition of insulin degradation [34]. Eugenia jambolana is also reported to have lipid-lowering effect evidenced by reduction of blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids [35]. This effect has been reported to be due to the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides in the extract which is reported to decrease the activity of enzyme 3-HMG Co-A reductase in liver [36]. Eugenia jambolana seed extract is reported to reduce blood pressure probably due to the ellagic acid present in it [33].

Addition of ethanolic extract of seeds and seed powder of Eugenia jambolana in alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant reduction in blood sugar level and enhancement in the histopathology of pancreatic islets [37]. Decrease in glycosuria and blood urea levels has also been reported. Similar kind of results has also been reported in numerous studies done on dogs and rabbits [38, 39].

Eugenia jambolana fruit juice is diuretic and has been reported to provide a soothing effect on human digestive system [40]. The gastroprotective effect has also been reported in jamun seeds. Elevation of antioxidant status and mucosal defensive properties might be the possible mechanisms behind gastroprotective properties present in jamun. Presence of flavanoids in the seeds provides the gastric ulcer protective activity to jamun [40]. Jamun shows antiviral activity against goat pox and the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus [41, 42].

The efficacy of Eugenia jambolana has also been tested in preclinical and clinical studies [43, 44] for hypolipidemic [45], anti-inflammatory, [46], neuropsychopharmacological [47], antiulcer, [48], antibacterial [49], anti-HIV [50], antidiarrhoeal [49], and antihypertensive activities [47].

2.3. Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia (bitter gourd or karela) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Fruit as a whole and fruit’s seeds are the parts most frequently used for therapeutic benefits. Momordica charantia is a popular fruit used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and related conditions amongst the indigenous population of Asia, South America, and East Africa. It is often used as a vegetable in diet. Bitter gourd contains bioactive substances with antidiabetic potential such as vicine, charantin, and triterpenoids along with some antioxidants [51]. Several preclinical studies have documented the antidiabetic and hypoglycaemic effects ofMomordica charantia through various hypothesised mechanisms [52].

Several studies have demonstrated antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities, in Momordica charantia [53, 54]; however, the antidiabetic activity has been widely reviewed. In several animal studies, bitter gourd has been reported to ameliorate the metabolic syndrome, where diabetes is one of the risk factors [55–57]. In a study conducted on Taiwanese adults, a significant reduction in waist circumference, improvement in diabetes, and symptoms of metabolic syndrome has been observed [58].

The hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties of bitter melon have been observed [59]. Studies have shown that Momordica charantia can repair damaged β-cells thereby stimulating insulin levels [60] and also improve sensitivity/signalling of insulin [57]. Bitter gourd is also reported to inhibit absorption of glucose by inhibiting glucosidase and suppressing the activity of disaccharidases in the intestine [61].

Ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia is reported to show antihyperglycemic effect in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats which might be due to inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase and also stimulation of the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [62]. Studies have reported that triterpenoids may be the hypoglycemic components present in karela which could be responsible for activation of AMP-activated protein kinase [63]. The blood glucose-lowering activity of karela has been reported in several animal models [64].

Bitter melon is also effective in loosening adiposity. It is reported to decrease the weight of epididymal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissues [54]. Bitter melon is found effective in augmenting skeletal muscle strength, an effect which could be due to higher mRNA expression for the glucose transporter 4 [55]. Extracts/fractions of Antidesma madagascariense and Momordica charantia were found to significantly inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase, a key carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme. However, glycogen-loaded mice showed significant depressive effect on increasing the level of postprandial blood glucose after ingestion of Momordica charantia [65]. Presence of saponins to some extent might justify the inhibitory activities on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Saponins are also supposed to stimulate insulin secretion [66].

2.4. Ocimum sanctum

Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil or tulsi) belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Every part of the plant is used as a therapeutic agent against several diseases. Ocimum (holy basil) is reported to grow worldwide. Nutritional and chemical composition of holy basil makes it a plant with immense potential. Eugenol, the active constituent present in O. sanctum L., has been found to be responsible for its therapeutic potential [67]. Major bioactive constituents present in the leaves and stems of holy basil include flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, isothymusin, isothymonin, cirsimaritin, orientin, and vicenin. Tulsi leaves oil contains eugenol, ursolic acid, carvacrol, linalool, limatrol, and caryophyllene along with eugenol. Seeds oil is known to have fatty acids and sitosterol while seed mucilage contains some sugars. Anthocyanins are present in green leaves. Furthermore, tulsi is also rich in vitamins, minerals, chlorophyll, and many other phytonutrients.

Antidiabetic properties of tulsi were appreciated in Ayurveda [68]. A significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and urea along with a simultaneous increase in glycogen, hemoglobin, and protein in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats has been observed when rats were supplemented with ethanolic extract ofO. sanctum [69]. Leaf extract of O. sanctum L has been reported to stimulate the physiological pathways of insulin secretion [70]. O. sanctum L. showed serum glucose-lowering effect when the extract was given to normal rats for 30 days [71]. O. sanctum L. is reported to reduce the serum level of cortisol and glucose in male mice showing its antiperoxidative effect [72].

Studies have reported that oral administration of alcoholic extract of leaves of O. sanctum L. significantly reduced blood sugar level in normal, glucose-fed hyperglycemic, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Improvement in the action of exogenous insulin in normal rats has also been recorded [73]. Mixed extract of P. marsupium and O. sanctum has been recorded to not only rectify dyslipidemia but also restore the endogenous antioxidant levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [74].

Chloroform extracts of aerial parts of tulsi have been able to ameliorate the derangements in lipid metabolism caused due to diabetes mellitus in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract significantly decreased elevated level of serum glucose and also reversed the cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL values [75].

The hydroalcoholic extract of O. sanctum L. given to stress-induced male Wister rats is reported to significantly prevent the chronic resistant stress induced rise in plasma cAMP level, myocardial superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities [76]. Ursolic acid isolated from O. sanctum L. has been reported to protect heart cells from Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation [77]. O. sanctum L is also used to control blood cholesterol. A marked decrease in serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL + VLDL cholesterol as compared to untreated cholesterol-fed group was observed in cholesterol-fed rabbits when supplemented with O. sanctum L. seed oil for four weeks [78]. A similar kind of study performed on normal albino rabbits showed lowered levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids, and LDL-cholesterol and a significant boost in the HDL-cholesterol and total fecal sterol contents with incorporation of fresh leaves of tulsi [79].

Along with antidiabetic and cardioprotective effects, O. sanctum L. has also been suggested to acquire antifungal [80], antimicrobial [81], analgesic [82], anthelmintic [83], antistress [9], antifertility [84], anti-inflammatory [85], antioxidant [78, 86], gastroprotective [87], immunomodulatory [88], antithyroidic [89], anticancer [90], and radioprotective effects [91, 92]. Tulsi is reported to provide a protection for central nervous system [93] and against sexually transmitted diseases [94].

2.5. Pterocarpus marsupium

Pterocarpus marsupium (indian kino tree, bijasar) belongs to the family Fabaceae. Plant parts used most commonly are heart wood, leaves, flowers, bark, and gum. Pterocarpus marsupium grows very well in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. As per Ayurveda, it is one of the most versatile medicinal plants with a wide spectrum of biological activities. Every part of the tree has been acknowledged for its therapeutic potential. This tree grows up to 30 metres in height. Compositional studies on bijasar have shown this plant to be a good source of polyphenols. P. marsupium contains terpenoids and phenolic compounds: β-sitosterol, lupenol, aurone glycosides, epicatechins, and iso-flavonoids [95, 96].

P. marsupium is known for its antidiabetic activity [97]. Besides eliciting a strong antidiabetic property,Pterocarpus marsupium is reported to be effective against several diseases. It is reported to be antiobesity, antihyperlipidemic [98], anti-inflammatory, anthelmentic [99, 100], antioxidative, antitumorigenic and antiulcerative [71, 101].

Pterocarpus marsupium is reported to have not only hypoglycemic property but also β-cell protective and regenerative properties [102], effects which have been attributed to the flavonoid content in the plant. Complete restoration of normal insulin secretion and regeneration of beta cells have been reported in various experimental models of diabetes [103, 104]. A methanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium when supplemented for 7 and 14 days to STZ-diabetic rats showed normalization of streptozotocin-distressed serum glucose by correcting glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum protein, insulin, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and albumin levels [105].

The blood sugar-lowering activity has been endorsed to be due to the presence of tannates in the extract of the plant. Antihyperlipidemic activity is contributed probably to the marsupin, pterosupin, and liquiritigenin present in the plant [106]. (−) Epicatechin has been shown to have insulinogenic property by enhancing insulin release and conversion of proinsulin to insulin. (−) Epicatechin has also been shown to possess insulin-like activity [107, 108]. Epicatechin has also been shown to strengthen the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of that pathway and regulating glucose production through AKT and AMPK modulation in HepG2 cells [109].

2.6. Trigonella foenum-graecum

Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek, methi) belongs to the family Fabaceae. Seeds and leaves are the most frequently used parts of the plant. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) is cultivated throughout India and in some other parts of the world as a semiarid crop [80]. It is used both as a vegetable and as a spice in India. Fenugreek is well known for its pungent aromatic properties, and it is a flavoring agent in food [110]. Studies on different experimental models have proved that fenugreek has strong antidiabetic properties [111, 112]. Human studies have also confirmed the glucose and lipid-lowering ability of fenugreek [113].

Several studies have demonstrated that fenugreek seed extract, mucilage of seeds, and leaves can decrease blood glucose and cholesterol levels in humans and experimental diabetic animals [114, 115]. The therapeutic potential of fenugreek is primarily due to the presence of saponins [116], 4-hydroxyisoleucine [117], and trigonelline, an alkaloid [118] and a high-fiber content [119].

The antihyperglycemic effect has been correlated with decline in somatostatin and high plasma glucagon levels [120]. Fenugreek seed powder has been shown to normalize the activity of creatinine kinase in liver, skeletal muscles, and heart of diabetic rats [121]. The antihyperglycemic effect of fenugreek has been hypothesized to be due to the amino acid 4-hydroxyisoleucine which acts by the enhancement of insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues [122]. The steroids present in methi have been reported to reduce blood glucose level when supplemented to diabetic rats [123]. A considerable increment of the area of insulin-immunoreactive β cells has been observed [124].

A study on intestinal and renal disaccharidases activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats proved the beneficial effects of fenugreek seed mucilage by enhancing the reduction in maltase activity during diabetes [125]. The optimistic influence of fenugreek supplementation on intestinal and renal disaccharidases has been reported [126]. A marked reduction in renal toxicity has been observed when fenugreek oil is incorporated in the diet of alloxanized rats [125].

2.7. Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre (gurmar) belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. It is a herb native to the tropical forests of India and Sri Lanka. G. sylvestre is a large climber, with roots at nodes. It is a potent antidiabetic plant used in ayurvedic preparations. Several studies have proved its antidiabetic potential in animal models [125]; when combined with acarbose it is reported to reduce intestinal transport of maltose in rats [127]. Absorption of free oleic acid in rats has also been reduced [128].

Aqueous extract of G. sylvestre has been reported to cause reversible increases in intracellular calcium and insulin secretion in mouse and human β cells with type 2 diabetes [129]. Regeneration of the cells in the pancreas might raise the insulin levels [130]. G. sylvestre can also help prevent adrenal hormones from stimulating the liver to produce glucose in mice, thereby reducing blood sugar levels [131]. A group of triterpene saponins, known as gymnemic acids and gymnemasaponins are found to be present in G. sylvestrewhich are responsible for the reported pharmacological properties.

Oral administration of Gymnema is reported to be effective against chronic inflammation [132], obesity [133,134], and pancreatic β cell dysfunction [135]. G. sylvestre suspension shows tremendous diabetic potential against alloxan-induced diabetic albino male rats [136]. The hypoglycemic effect of ethanolic extract of G. sylvestre is reported to be due to enhanced effect of insulin which comes into play by increasing either the pancreatic secretion of insulin from β cells or its release from the bound form [130, 137, 138]. A significant correlation between the good glycemic control and phospholipid levels has been observed [139]. Oral administration of G. sylvestre to rats has been reported to result in increased utilization of glucose and/or by decreasing mobilization of fat [136]. A significant reduction in body weight, plasma proteins, and total hemoglobin levels has also been observed [136].

2.8. Allium sativum

Allium sativum (garlic) commonly called lahsun belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. Leaves and bulb are the parts frequently used. As per Ayurveda it is a miraculous plant used against a variety of problems including insect bites, intestinal worms, headache, and tumors [140]. Garlic is also used in folk medicine for the management of cardiac diseases, cancer, parasitic, fungal diseases, and diabetes [141, 142]. The principle bioactive components present in garlic are allicin, allixin, ajoene, and other organosulphur compounds.

Biological and therapeutic functions of garlic are basically due to the organosulphur compounds they possess [143]. These chemical components are thought to exhibit numerous biological effects including lowering of cholesterol and glucose, cancer prevention, and antimicrobial properties [144]. Studies have proved that the consumption of garlic significantly decreased fasting blood sugar levels [145]. Diallyl trisulfide has been proved to improve glycemic control in STZ-induced diabetic rats. [146] Incorporation of garlic juice resulted in better utilization of glucose in glucose tolerance tests performed in rabbits, while allicin at a dose of 250 mg/kg was 60% as effective as tolbutamide in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits [147].

Garlic may act as an antidiabetic agent by increasing either the pancreatic secretion of insulin from the β cells or the release of bound insulin [148]. Allicin is supposed to enhance serum insulin by combining with cysteine and sparing it from SH group reactions [147]. The beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine, an organosulfur from allium plants, on serum lipids and glucose are related to its antioxidant property. N-Acetylcysteine is reported to reduce the oxidative stress by improving the endogenous antioxidant defences [149].

Allicin, a sulfur-containing compound, is responsible for the pungent flavour and significant hypoglycemic activity in garlic. This effect is supposed to be due to enhanced hepatic metabolism, release of insulin, and/or insulin-sparing effect [150, 151]. S-allyl cystein sulfoxide the precursor of allicin is reported to control lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia in rats [152].

Cardiovascular complications of diabetes are reported to be prevented by the consumption of garlic [153]. Saponins are reported to reduce serum cholesterol levels [154]. Garlic juice has been found to exert antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [155].

Phytochemicals present in garlic also show antioxidative property evidenced by scavenging of reactive oxygen species [156] and increasing cellular antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase [157]. Garlic alone and with ginger and turmeric when tested against oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide diabetic rats showed 80–97% increment in the signs of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, 26–37% increase in the production of insulin and enrichment in the antioxidant defence system along with a 60–97% decrease in lipid peroxidation [158]. Administration of raw garlic homogenate was found to normalise both hepatic TBARS and GSH levels and also improve insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats [159]. Numerous studies report that aged garlic extract inhibit the generation of glycation-derived free radicals and AGEs in vitro. S-Allyl cysteine, one of the bioactive ingredients of aged garlic, is a known antioxidant that possesses the capacity to inhibit AGEs synthesis [160].

Ancient indian chemistry

Nutritional supplement and prescription drug reaction

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Drug-Nutrient Depletions & Known Interactions This booklet provides information to help you learn which vitamins and/or minerals are depleted by your medications. It also provides a general list of supplements that might be expected to interact with the drug, and thus need to be avoided while taking these drugs. You can use the “find” function to search for drug names. They are listed in alphabetical order, and both generic and pharmaceutical names are listed for most drugs. Your (blue) Drug-Nutrient Interaction worksheet provides a more comprehensive review of possible interactions. Please note, cancer treatment drugs—chemotherapy drugs, biological agents, and immunotherapy drugs—are not listed in this handbook. We provide more comprehensive information about these agents as part of our Complementing Treatment programs.
Accutane Do not take vitamin A (retinol) when taking this medication. It can increase the side effects and toxicity. However, you may take beta carotene and other mixed carotenoids. Beta carotene can be converted to vitamin A in the body when vitamin A is needed, but it is not pre-formed vitamin A and will not interfere with this medication.  Acetazolamide (Diamox) DEPLETES sodium and potassium. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables helps restore lost potassium levels. One study showed that people taking this drug for more than six months had dramatically lower blood levels of folic acid and higher levels of homocysteine. Homocysteine, a toxic amino acid byproduct, has been associated with atherosclerosis, poor memory and increased risk of heart disease. Taking a multiple vitamin can help replace your folic acid and keep your homocysteine levels low. AVOID Buckthorn (Rhamnus catartica, Rhamnus frangula, Frangula alnus). Use of these herbs for more than 10 days consecutively may cause a loss of electrolytes (especially potassium). Actonel Take vitamin D and calcium (800-1,000mg/day) to enhance the bone protective effects of this drug. AVOID taking the following supplements at the same time (within 1-2 hrs) of taking your Actonel, as they may reduce the absorption of the drug: calcium,  iron, magnesium, zinc. Take these supplements at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking Actonel. Acyclovir No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions. Limit intake of the amino acid arginine to enhance the efficacy of this medication. Arginine is utilized by a virus to promote it's replication. Arginine-rich foods include: nuts, seeds, and chocolate. Taking supplements of the opposing amino acid, lysine (1,000-1,500mg/day) can be supportive. Adderall No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions in the scientific literature. Avoid stimulating herbs (caffeine, maca, ephedra, and possibly cayenne) which may increase the stimulant actions of this drug. Vitamin B6 may reduce the side effect of this drug. Magnesium can increase the drug's efficacy, but should be taken at least 1 hour away from the drug due to concerns it may reduce the drug's absorption. Acidic forms of vitamin C (but not buffered vitamin C) needs to be taken at least 1 hour apart from the drug. Acidic fruit juices (cranberry, grapefruit, orange juice or lemonade) and also reduce the drug's absorption and should be taken at least an hour away from the drugs. Advair DEPLETES calcium, magnesium potassium, selenium, zinc, folic acid, vitamins D and C. A multiple vitamin/ mineral is highly recommended while taking this medication.  In addition, this medication reduces levels of an important hormone called DHEA. DHEA is needed for optimum immune function and to protect against osteoporosis. If you like, we could measure your DHEA levels to see if they are being impacted by this drug.

Albuterol DEPLETES calcium, magnesium and potassium. AVOID digitalis (foxglove) family herbs, which interact negatively with the medication. Allegra No known drug depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of anti-allergy drug, causing drowsiness, disorientation, and serious lethargy.  Allopurinol (gout medication) No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions in the scientific literature. Of note, watching your intake of animal-based proteins can help reduce the risk of additional gout flare-ups. Also, cherries may help the body eliminate uric acid and reduce inflammation. Alprazolam (Xanax) No known nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy. Of note: melatonin has been shown to assist individuals in discontinuing this class of drugs (benzodiazepines). Aloxi (palonosetron) No known nutrient depletions. AVOID dong quai (Angelica) during the two days prior to and for at least four days after Aloxi use as this herb may clear the drug too quickly from the body, reducing its therapeutic effects. Altace (Fosinopril) (ACE inhibitor) DEPLETES zinc, which can lead to increased copper levels and foster cancer angiogenesis and progression. Zinc supplementation is recommended while taking this drug. Amaryl/Glimepiride  DEPLETES coenzyme Q10. Because another drug you take, Metoprolol, also depletes coQ10, this underscores the suggestion that you take a supplement of this nutrient. AVOID the following herbs: cocoa, kola, rosemary, black tea (can cause hyperglycemia).  Ambien No known nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy. Of note: combining melatonin with this drug has been shown to offer beneficial effects, improving sleep, and also to assist individuals in discontinuing this class of drugs (benzodiazepines).  Amiodarone No known nutrient depletions. AVOID grapefruit juice, quercetin, high-dose soy pills, curcumin, high-dose green tea pills (drinking the tea in moderation is ok) and St. John's wort. These herbs can decrease the liver metabolism of this drug and cause a build-up of the drug in your body, resulting in increased side effects. Vitamin E may safely enhance the efficacy of this drug. Amitriptyline DEPLETES coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B2 (riboflavin). B complex vitamins appear to enhance the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants. Consider taking 100mg/day coQ10 to protect healthy muscle, heart and brain function. AVOID St. John's wort, which can cause dangerous interaction with this drug. Avoid drinking tea (green or black) at the same time (within 1 hour) of taking this medication, which can interfere with its absorption. Avoid alcohol (including alcohol-based herbal tinctures) while taking this drug.  Amlodipine (Lotril) DEPLETES magnesium and potassium, so you need a healthy diet and multiple vitamin/mineral to help replace these. AVOID grapefruit or grapefruit juice and pomegranate juice, which can raise your blood levels of this drug and increase your side effects. AVOID supplements of DHEA (a hormone) while taking this drug, as this drug raises blood levels of DHEA. Also avoid the herb Pleurisy root (and similar plants in the Aesclepius genus), which contains cardiac glycosides, and should not be taken concurrently with heart medications. Amoxicillin DEPLETES folic acid, biotin and B complex vitamins and vitamin K. Also depletes Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria, they friendly bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract and support healthy digestion and immune function. The probiotic bacteria should be replaced with a supplement during and following use of this medication. Amphetamines  AVOID lithium, veratrum (hellebore), ephedra, alcohol and high-dose vitamin C while taking this drug. Vitamin C acidifies the intestines and can decrease the absorption of this drug: take vitamin C one hour before or two hours after taking this drug. This acidification effect may also happen with acidic fruit juices. The combination of alcohol and methamphetamine makes the heart work harder and consume more oxygen, which may produce unwanted effects. Alcohol consumption may also suppress the breakdown of amphetamines, causing elevations in blood levels of the drug. Individuals taking amphetamines should avoid alcoholic beverages, especially if they have known heart problems. Supplements of vitamin B6 and magnesium (and tyrosine, 5-HTP or tryptophan, if they are not contraindicated for your type of cancer), may reduce the side effects caused by this medication.
ANTIBIOTICS DEPLETES folic acid, biotin and B complex vitamins and vitamin K. Also depletes Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria, they friendly bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract and support healthy digestion and immune function. The probiotic bacteria should be replaced with a supplement during and following use of this medication. Note: mineral supplements (magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, selenium, iodine) need to be taken at least 2 hrs away from antibiotics, as they can bind to the drug and reduce its absorption. ANTIDEPRESSANTS: Zoloft, Paxil, Prozac DEPLETES melatonin: be sure to sleep in complete darkness to prompt your body to secrete adequate melatonin (melatonin is very important in helping you fight cancer). However, use caution with high dose melatonin supplements (above 10mg/day) if you have a history of severe depression lasting 2 years or more. While one study suggests that melatonin in high doses can worsen depression in patients with chronic, severe depression, several other studies have shown melatonin to be a useful aid in treating depression. Begin melatonin supplements at lower doses (2-2.5mg per night), and gradually increasing the dose while monitoring your mood and sleep habits. This allows us to be certain the melatonin is not causing side effects. AVOID St. John's wort and 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) supplements when taking antidepressants, which can increase serotonin and lead to serotonin excess (causing anxiety). Deficiency of B complex vitamins can reduce the efficacy of this medication: a quality multiple vitamin is recommended. Anti-Histamines (Allegra, Claritin, Benadryl, Sinutab) No known drug depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of anti-allergy drug, causing drowsiness, disorientation, and serious lethargy.  Aromatase Inhibitors (letrozole/femara; aromasin) These drugs block the conversion of sterol fats in the body to estrogen. No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions have been reported to date. However, these drugs are known to elevated cholesterol levels in some patients. You may wish to have your doctor monitor your cholesterol levels while taking this drug. Asacol  DEPLETES folic acid (a multiple vitamin can help replace this nutrient). In one study, taking 20 grams of psyllium seeds together with mesalamine (Asacol) for 12 months was more effective at maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis than taking either the drug or herb alone. Flaxseed meal may offer a similar benefit. Aspirin  DEPLETES folic acid, zinc, potassium, vitamin C, and iron.  AVOID high doses of any of the following: vitamin E (above 800iu/day), bromelain (above 6caps/day), garlic (above 5,000mg/day), ginger (above 10 gm/day), magnesium (above 800mg/day), ginkgo biloba (above 120mg/day) which can increase blood thinness and bleeding (hemorrhage). Atacand (candesartan) Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this medication.. There are no known or reported drug-nutrient or drug-herb interactions. Atenolol AVOID potassium supplements and high potassium foods (see write-up on Fatigue in your Treatment Side Effects Booklet for a list) as well a pleurisy root as these may increase unwanted or dangerous drug side effects. Ativan, Diazepam No known nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy. Of note: combining melatonin with this drug has been shown to offer beneficial effects, improving sleep, and also to assist individuals in discontinuing this class of drugs (benzodiazepines).  Atomoxetine (Straterra) No nutrient depletions or interactions have been reported. In theory, Angelica sinensis (Dong quai) may interfere with the metabolism of this drug. Avapro DEPLETES coenzyme Q10, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorous and zinc. Depletions of zinc can cause copper to rise, promoting angiogenesis. Consider taking 100mg/day coQ10 to protect healthy muscle, heart and brain function.  Avadart (dutasteride) No known or reported interaction at this time. However, Avodart is metabolized via the liver's cyp450-3A4 pathway. Use caution with natural agents that also act on 3A4: grapefruit juice, curcumin, quercetin, St. John's wort, kava, cat's claw, and high-dose soy genistein or high-dose green tea (not likely with food sources of soy or green tea). Avandia  Limit or avoid alcohol. Use caution with caffeine and nicotinic acid (a form of vitamin B3), which can raise glucose levels. AVOID ipriflavone which may increase the blood level of oral anti-diabetic agents, and thus cause blood sugar to fall dangerously low. Ensure medical supervision when using supplements that may reduce blood sugar levels and require a dosage adjustment of Avandia: carnitine, chromium, biotin, holy basil,
gymnema sylvestre, banaba leaf extract, bitter melon, fenugreek, ginseng, bilberry, coenzyme Q10 and vanadium. Azelastine (Astepro) Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this drug. There are no known or reported nutrient or herb interactions with this drug. Baclofen No known nutrient depletions or interactions. Since this drug can cause drowsiness, use caution with sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skulcap, and valerian). Bactrim DEPLETES folic acid, biotin and B complex vitamins and vitamin K. Also depletes Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria, the friendly bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract and support healthy digestion and immune function. The probiotic bacteria can be replaced with a supplement during and following use of this medication. Benicar AVOID potassium supplements (and potassium-based salt substitutes), which can cause the level of potassium in your blood to become to high while taking Benicar. Also AVOID diuretic type herbs, such as corn silk, uva ursi, juniper, parsley, coffee, licorice, and cleavers. These may cause your blood pressure to decrease too much if taken with Benicar. Bentyl (dicyclomine) No reported nutrient interactions or depletions. Birth Control Pills DEPLETE vitamins C, E, B12, B2, B6, folic acid, magnesium and zinc, as well as Coenzyme Q10 (coQ10). Taking a multiple vitamin/mineral is highly recommended when taking oral contraceptives.  Boniva (Ibandronate) No reported nutrient interactions or depletions at this time. Budesonide (Entocort) May deplete calcium. May deplete DHEA. Some people on steroid inhalers experience greater challenges with blood sugar handling. Buproprion, Budeprion, Wellbutrin No known or reported depletions or interactions. AVOID alcohol while taking this drug. Buspar No known nutrient depletions. AVOID grapefruit juice while taking this drug (it can raise blood levels of the drug, leading to side effects and/or toxicity). Also AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy.  Caduet (combination of two drugs: amlodipine and atorvastatin) DEPLETES coenzyme Q10. AVOID grapefruit, pomegranate, hibiscus which interfere with the enzyme that metabolizes this drug. Also contraindicated are supplements of DHEA, pleurisy root and high-dose calcium supplements (≥ 800mg/day). Take supplements containing magnesium at least 2 hrs away from this medication, as magnesium can bind to the medication and reduce its absorption. Calcitrol This is a vitamin D drug. Long-term use can metabolically compete with vitamins A and K, increasing your risk of calcifications. Taking adequate vitamins A and K is prudent, and may improve the efficacy of this drug while reducing the risk of side effects. Carafate DEPLETES calcium and phosphorus, two essential nutrients for healthy bone maintenance. In addition, this drug can bind to both magnesium and calcium supplements, so supplements containing these are best taken 30 minutes or more away from the time taking carafate. If you take calcium supplements, your doctor should monitor your blood calcium levels while taking this medication. Cardizem (diltiazem) Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this drug. This drug is a calcium agonist: do not take with Hawthorne. Also, avoid high dose calcium supplements > 800mg/day, which may reduce the efficacy of the drug. Cardura (doxazosin) No known or reported interaction at this time.  Celebrex DEPLETES potassium and sodium. Be sure to eat ample vegetables and fruits, which are your primary source of potassium. AVOID white willow bark, which is contraindicated while taking celebrex. Celexa (Citalopram) Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this agent. AVOID lithium, 5-HTP, and L-tryptophan as they may increase this drug’s side effects. Ginkgo biloba may reduce this drug’s side effects. Cenestin (HRT)  DEPLETES  vitamins C, B12, B2, B6, folic acid, magnesium and zinc. Of note: HRT can increase copper levels, making copper reduction strategies to control angiogenesis very important. Consider carefully monitoring your copper levels. Taking a multiple vitamin/mineral is highly recommended when taking Hormone Replacement Therapy. In addition, supplements of DIM (derived from broccoli) can increase the safety of HRT
by ensuring estrogen is metabolized into favorable daughter compounds that do not promote cancer or angiogenesis (see info on DIM in your report).  Cepacol (benzocaine) No known or reported interactions at this time. Chloroquine Take this drug at least 2 hours away from supplements containing calcium or magnesium (and away from antacids), which can bind to the drug, and prevent its absorption. Cholestyramine DEPLETES vitamins A, D, E, K, CoQ10, B12, folic acid, iron, calcium, carotenoids and lycopene. Also depletes omega-3 fatty acids, which are very important in supporting control of cancer via their antiinflammatory effects. Supplements are recommended, and should be taken away from the time of dosing for this drug. Cialis AVOID grapefruit juice and the amino acid arginine while taking this drug (may enhance side effects or toxicity). Use caution with herbs that employ the liver's cyp-450-3A4 pathway in their metabolism. Do not use herbs or nutrients that lower blood pressure (if you have hypotension): high-dose magnesium (≥10mg/kg body weight), hawthorne, eucalyptus, coleus forskohlii or periwinkle (vinca family). Clomipramine (Anafranil) DEPLETES the B complex vitamins. AVOID the herb St. John's wort (Hypericin), and 5HTP (L-tryptophan), which can increase serotonin and lead to serotonin excess (causing anxiety). Fiber supplements and magnesium can bind to this medication, and reduce blood levels of the drug, decreasing its efficacy. Take fiber, mineral, magnesium, IP-6 (a type of fiber) at least 2 hrs away from when you take your clomipramine for best results. DEPLETES melatonin: be sure to sleep in complete darkness to prompt your body to secrete adequate melatonin, a very important anti-cancer hormone. Clonidine (adrenergic blocker) DEPLETES coQ10, an important nutrient for muscle and heart health and energy levels. AVOID cayenne pepper, which  may decrease the efficacy of this drug. Other herbs which may interact with this drug include: coleus forskohlli, ma huang (also called ephedra), and yohimbe Clotrimazole (antifungal) Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this drug. There are currently no nutrient or herb reactions reported with clotrimazole. Codeine APAP AVOID Tannin-containing herbs  may interfere with the absorption of codeine; keep these 2 hours away from taking codeine. Herbs with high levels of tannins include green and black tea, uva ursi, black walnut, red raspberry, oak, and witch hazel. Also avoid alcohol which may increase side effects (drowsiness, dizziness and light headedness). Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, watercress, mustard greens, Brussels sprouts, etc) and garlic have been shown in test tubes to break down one of the constituents in this drug (chlorzoxazone) into inactive compounds. Human studies are needed to see if this takes place in people, but you may wish not to over-consume these vegetables while taking this drug. Colace DEPLETES potassium, and possibly magnesium. High intake of fruits and vegetables is for adequate intake of these essential minerals. Colazal DEPLETES folate. This is why your doctor has prescribed folic acid supplements. However, folic acid the synthetic oxidized form of the natural B vitamin folate. Folic acid has some  published data suggesting it may be contraindicated in cancer. You might consider switching to the folate form of the vitamin (folinic acid or methyl folate), which are not associated with these risks. DaVinci Labs offers 800mcg caps of calcium folinate, 60 caps/ bottle. Order code: FOL17 CoReg (carvedilol) DEPLETES coenzyme Q10, a nutrient essential for healthy heart function. When this drug is taken long term, supplemental CoQ10 (60-90mg/day) is highly recommended. AVOID Siberian or Panax ginseng, licorice, hawthorn, forskolin, potassium. Compasine (prochlorperazine) DEPLETES vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and coenzyme Q10. AVOID bacopa, lithium and alcohol, which may cause unsafe interactions if combined with this drug. Corticosteroids (Prednisone, Fluorometholone, Fluticasone, Levalbuterol, inhalers, Cortef - hydrocortisone) DEPLETES protein, calcium, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K and zinc. Also depletes levels of two hormones: melatonin and DHEA. AVOID the herbs foxglove, ephedra, and high doses of licorice. Coumadin Take your coumadin 2 hours away from supplements containing magnesium, iron and/or zinc. These minerals can bind to the drug and reduce its absorption. AVOID high doses of any of the following: vitamin E (above 800iu/day), bromelain (above 6caps/day), garlic (above 5,000mg/day), ginger (above 10 gm/day), magnesium (above 800mg/day), ginkgo biloba (above 120mg/day) which can increase blood thinness. Also
AVOID the following: vitamin K, vitamin C (above 5,000mg/day), coQ10 (above 200mg/day), which can interfere with the actions of coumadin and increase your risk for a clot. See box at right for list of potentially blood-thinning supplements and worrisome doses. Creon This is a pancreatic enzyme supplement. No nutrient interactions. Crestor (rosuvastatin) DEPLETES coenzyme Q10. AVOID red rice yeast extract and pomegranate juice (in a case report, a man taking rosuvastatin developed severe muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), a known side effect of rosuvastatin, after he began drinking 6oz pomegranate juice twice a week). Vitamin B3 and plant sterols may enhance the efficacy of this drug. Taking niacin together with Crestor can yield a greater rise in HDL cholesterol than taking the drug alone. Plant-based sterols, such beta-sitosterol, has been shown to enhance the cholesterol-lowering effect of various statin drugs. Cytomel (liothyronine) DEPLETES calcium; you may need an extra calcium supplement to make up the loss (especially as decadron and antiseizure medications also deplete calcium). AVOID two herbs: lemon balm and bugle weed, which may interfere with the actions of this medication. Soy foods appear to interfere with the absorption of thyroid medications and the two should be taken at least 2-3 hours apart. Darvocet is a combination of two drugs paracetamol and propoxyphene. AVOID hibiscus, which may decrease absorption of the drug. Also AVOID alcohol, which can increase the risk of liver damage, cause drowsiness, dizziness of blurred vision when taken with darvocet. Milk thistle may help protect against liver damage if you need to take darvocet for an extended time period (but be aware that milk thistle may be contraindicated with antiseizure drugs, chemotherapy agents or other drugs). Schizandra may be a better liver protectant with darvocet, and animal studies confirm this benefit. Food, especially foods high in pectin (including jellies), carbohydrates, and large amounts of cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and others) can interfere with paracetamol absorption. Moderate to high amounts of paracetamol have caused liver damage in alcoholics. To prevent problems, people taking paracetamol should avoid alcohol. This drug may cause constipation: increase daily intake of fluids, and fiber (but take the fiber ±2 hrs away from darvocet). Dapsone May DEPLETE vitamin K2 due to decreased production by bacteria in the colon. Supplementing with probiotics may be used to replenish healthy bacteria, which may also reduce risk of Clostridium difficile infection. AVOID PABA as this B family vitamin may interfere with the activity of this drug. Supplemental vitamin E may reduce the risk of oxidative red blood cell damage that this drug can cause. dDAVP (Desmopressin) DEPLETES calcium (by increasing calcium loss in the urine). Be certain your vitamin D blood levels are good to ensure adequate absorption of calcium to protect your bone density. AVOID herbs with diurectic effects (unless very carefully supervised by your doctor): alder, buckthorn, cascara sagrada, cleavers, corn silk, dandelion root, digitalis, forskolin, horsetail, juniper, licorice, parsley, St. John's wort and uva ursi. Decadron  DEPLETES vitamins B6, B12, C, D, folic acid, calcium, potassium, zinc and selenium—A multiple vitamin/ mineral can help replace these. Also depletes levels of two hormones: melatonin and DHEA. AVOID licorice: high doses of licorice (above 10 grams/day) for prolonged periods can increase the side effects of decadron (licorice can be used to help taper from decadron under supervision in pulsed, lower doses).  Depakote (Valproic acid) AVOID high doses of folic acid (above 2,000mcg/day), vitamin B6 (above 75mg/day), which can interfere with the anti-seizure actions of this drug. DEPLETES vitamins A, B6, B12, D, K, folic acid, biotin, calcium and magnesium. It also depletes L-carnitine, an important nutrient for energy levels and mental clarity (supplements may be indicated if you develop severe fatigue or lethargy). A multiple vitamin/mineral can help replace these nutrients. Denosumab No nutrient interactions reported. May DEPLETE calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. ✘ Blood-thinning supplements The following agents can be blood thinning at certain doses: • Angelica sinensis • Bromelain (> 4,500mg per day of 2,400gdu potency) • Cayenne • Curcumin • Dan shen • Feverfew (>200mg/day) • Fish oil (>3,000mg/day) • Garlic (> 5g/day) • Ginger (> 10g/day • Ginkgo (>120mg/day) • Ginseng, panax • Magnesium (>800mg/day) • Mushrooms (> 1,200mg/day of extract) • Resveratrol • Vitamin E (> 800IU/day)
Detrol No known or reported interaction at this time.  Diclofenac (an NSAID) DEPLETES folic acid. Decreases calcium and lithium clearance in urine. Stinging nettle may increase the pain relieving efficacy of this drug. AVOID White willow bark and Trikatu (an herbal preparation of black pepper, Indian long pepper, and ginger) as they may interfere with this drug’s metabolism, clearing it faster than usual. Dilantin AVOID high doses of folic acid (above 2,000mcg/day), vitamin B6 (above 75mg/day), which can interfere with the anti-seizure actions of this drug. DEPLETES vitamins B6, B12, D, K, folic acid, calcium and magnesium. A multiple vitamin/mineral can help replace these nutrients. Dilaudid CAUTION: sedating nutrients or herbs may exacerbate the CNS depressant effects of this medication. Use caution with 5-HPT, GABA, kava kava, California poppy, lemon balm, valerian, and melatonin supplements. This drug can cause constipation you should avoid high-dose calcium supplements, which can exacerbate constipation. Magnesium may be useful in addressing constipation (see dose suggestion above).  Diovan (valsartan) No known or reported interaction at this time. Take this medication away from meals, as food can reduce its absorption by 50%.  Ditropan Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this medication.. There are no known or reported drug-nutrient or drug-herb interactions. Domperidone No known or reported interactions at this time. Doxycycline/Tetracycline DEPLETES vitamin K. Vitamin K and probiotics may help reduce drug side effects. AVOID taking calcium, iron, magnesium or zinc within 1 hour of taking this medication as these minerals may bind to the drug. AVOID dairy products for 30 minutes before through 90 minutes after taking this drug. AVOID berberine, goldenseal, Oregon grape root, and barberry while using this drug as they may interfere with its efficacy. Dulcolax (bisacodyl) DEPLETES potassium with chronic use. Dyazide DEPLETES coenzyme Q10, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B6 and zinc. Potassium is best repleted via a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. If your potassium level is low, you will feel very fatigued. Magnesium and vitamin B6 best replaced with a good quality multiple vitamin/mineral. CoQ10 supplement (30mg 2-3x/day) are recommended for those taking this drug chronically, and can help protect heart function. CoQ10 is essential to the healthy function of heart muscle cells. AVOID licorice, panax ginseng which increase sodium loss and can increase blood pressure. Many people with elevated blood pressure may be effectively treated with magnesium and vitamin C supplements, and a diet rich in potassium. Some herbs helpful in controlling blood pressure: astragalus, reishi, hawthorne, and rhodiola (the latter is also used in treating depression, poor memory, and appears to have some anti-cancer effects as well). We can discuss these options during our phone consult if you would like. Dyrenium (triamterene) DEPLETES folic acid and calcium. AVOID diuretic herbs (Buchu, Cleavers, Dandelion, Gravel root, Horsetail, Juniper, Parsley and Uva ursi) as these may undesirably enhance the drug’s effect. AVOID magnesium supplements (above 300mg/day) as this drug inhibits magnesium clearance. Emend (antinausea antiemetic during chemotherapy) AVOID grapefruit juice. ginkgo biloba, panax ginseng, and hawthorn, which may increase the side effects or toxicity of this drug. Also avoid St. John’s wort, melatonin, yohimbe, ephedra and Ma Huang, which may decrease the efficacy of the drug. Ethambutol DEPLETES zinc (thus, supplemental zinc may be useful). This drug binds copper, which may be beneficial in offering additional anti-angiogenesis effects. However, excessive copper depletion may increase the adverse effects of this drug on vision (your eye doctor should regularly perform  a color vision examination).  Famciclovir (Famvir) No known or reported drug nutrient depletions or interactions. Fenofibrate (Tricor) DEPLETES coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E. Supplementing coQ10 can reduce the risk of side effects (such as fatigue and muscle weakness) while taking this drug. AVOID high-dose niacin (vitamin B3) in doses above the supplied in a multiple vitamin, which may increase toxicity of this drug. Fentanyl This pain-controlling patch has sedating and respiratory suppressing effects, use extreme caution with sedating supplements: high-dose melatonin (> 10mg/day), lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, chamomile, passionflower, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of this drug.
Finasteride (Proscar) No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions in the scientific literature. Fiorinal (aspirin, butalbital, caffeine) AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) and alcohol as these may exacerbate the sedative effects of butalbital. Aspirin DEPLETES folic acid, zinc, potassium, vitamin C, and iron. AVOID high doses of any of the following: vitamin E (above 800 iu/day), bromelain (above 6 caps/day), garlic (above 5,000 mg/day), ginger (above 10 gm/ day), magnesium (above 800 mg/day), ginkgo biloba (above 120 mg/day) which can increase blood thinness and bleeding (hemorrhage). Caffeine DEPLETES calcium. AVOID ephedra and guarana as these herbs may exacerbate the stimulating side effects of caffeine. Flecainide AVOID caffeine, which can reduce the efficacy of this drug. FloMax No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions in the scientific literature. Flonase (Fluticasone) (corticosteroid inhaler) DEPLETES calcium, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc. Fosamax DEPLETES vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorous. A bone support supplement is recommended while taking this medication. It should provide calcium citrate (500-1000mg/day), magnesium (250-500mg/day) and vitamin D (400iu).. Take magnesium supplements at least one hour away from taking Fosamax, as they may increase the likelihood of upset stomach. DGL supplements may help protect against gastric and esophageal irritation in women taking this drug. Fragmin (delteparin) No known or theoretical interactions at this time. Gianvi (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol) No known interactions with nutrients, herbs or specific foods. Glucotrol (glipizide)  Use caution with nutrients or herbs that help lower blood sugar, as these can necessitate that your dose of this drug be changed in order to prevent hypoglycemia. These nutrients include: alpha lipoic acid, chromium, biotin, berberine, vanadium, dandelion, ginseng and gymnema sylvestre. You may wish to use natural means to help control your blood sugar and desire to take some of the items listed here: please inform your doctor so that your dosage of Glucotrol can be adjusted as needed! Glyburide DEPLETES coenzyme Q10, an important nutrient for muscle, heart and brain function. AVOID the following herbs: cocoa, kola, rosemary, black tea (can cause hyperglycemia). Use caution with nutrients or herbs that help lower blood sugar, as these can necessitate that your dose of this drug be changed in order to prevent hypoglycermia. These nutrients include: alpha lipoic acid, chromium, biotin, berberine, vanadium, dandelion, ginseng and gymnema sylvestre. You may wish to use natural means to help control your blood sugar and desire to take some of the items listed here: please inform your doctor so that your dosage of your medication can be adjusted as needed! Haloperidol DEPLETES iron, sodium, glutathione and brain levels of vitamin E.  This drug can also alter blood levels of potassium (high or low). AVOID alcohol and coffee while taking haloperidol! Vitamin C may increase the efficacy of this drug (based on a study using 4,500mg vitamin C per day).  Milk thistle has been shown to help protect against liver damage caused by this drug. Hormone Replacement Therapy HRT/Estrogen DEPLETES vitamins C, B12, B2, B6, folic acid, magnesium and zinc. Taking a multiple vitamin/mineral is highly recommended when taking estrogen replacement therapy. AVOID black cohosh and vitex supplements (contraindicated). In addition, increasing your dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale, mustard green, turnip and arugula) can increase the safety of this medication by promoting favorable metabolism of estrogens away from carcinogenic metabolites. A concentrated supplement of cruciferous indoles (diindolylmethane or DIM, 150-300mg/day) may also be warranted..  Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) DEPLETES magnesium, folic acid, vitamin B6, zinc and coenzyme Q10. Take a multiple vitamin and 30-90mg coQ10 daily to replace these nutrients. Many herbs are also contraindicated: alder, buckthorn, cascara sagrada, cleavers, dandelion root, digitalis, forskolin, ginseng (panax or Siberian), horsetail, licorice, St. John's wort and uva ursi. Thiazide diuretics decrease calcium loss in the urine due to actions on the kidneys. As a result, it may be less important for some people taking thiazide diuretics to supplement calcium than it is for other people. AVOID taking calcium (above 400mg/day) or vitamin D (above 400iu/day) while taking this drug.  Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (Norco) DEPLETES glutathione. Whey protein powder helps to boost glutathione. AVOID hibiscus within one hour of taking this drug as it may interfere with drug absorption.
Vitamin C may increase drug bioavailability, possibly reducing the amount of drug needed. Milk thistle, Nacetyl-cysteine, and schizandra may prevent liver toxicity caused by this drug. Hydroxychloroquine May DEPLETE Calcium and Vitamin D. AVOID magnesium as it may reduce blood levels of this drug. Hytrin BPH Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this medication.. There are no known or reported drug-nutrient or drug-herb interactions. Hyzaar DEPLETES calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorous by increasing the loss of these minerals in the urine. A high-potency vitamin/mineral multiple product is highly recommended to help replace these nutrients.  Ibuprofen (see NSAIDs) Imitrex Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this drug. AVOID St. John’s Wort (hypericin). Imdur (nitroglycerin, isosorbide) AVOID hawthorn and ephedra. Studies have shown that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and vitamin C may improve the efficacy of this drug. Imodium (loperamide) No nutrient interactions or depletions have been reported. Insulin AVOID the following herbs: cocoa, kola, rosemary, black tea (can cause hyperglycemia); also AVOID fibrous herbs such as flax seed (not oil), guar gum, fenugreek, and psyllium (can cause hypoglycemia). Goldenseal and other berberine-containing herbs have also been reported to lower blood sugar levels. Iscador (mistletoe, motherwort, kelp, wild lettuce, and skullcap) AVOID garlic supplements as it may enhance the hypotensive side effect of Iscador. Sedative herbs and nutrients such as melatonin, valerian, lobelia, lemon balm (melissa), hops, camomile, kava kava, passionflower, wood betony, catnip, and ashwagandha may have an additive sedative effect when combined with Iscador. Diuretic herbs such as agrimony, horsetail, parsley, uva ursi, cleavers, buchu, juniper, marshmallow, plantain, nettles, burdock, dandelion, and hawthorn may result in exacerbated hypotension. Blood sugar lowering herbs such as alpha lipoic acid, chromium, biotin, berberine, vanadium, dandelion, ginseng and gymnema sylvestre may exacerbate Iscador’s side effect of hypoglycemia. Mistletoe is inflammatory. Keppra AVOID high doses of folic acid (above 2,000mcg/day), vitamin B6 (above 75mg/day), which can interfere with the anti-seizure actions of this drug. DEPLETES vitamins B6, B12, D, K, folic acid, calcium and magnesium. A multiple vitamin/mineral can help replace these nutrients. Klonopin (clonazepam) No known nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which may increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy. Of note: combining melatonin has been shown to offer beneficial effects, improving sleep, and also to assist individuals in discontinuing this class of drugs (benzodiazepines). Kytril (granisetron) No reported interactions or depletions. Lanoxin/Digoxin DEPLETES calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin B1. A high quality multiple vitamin/ mineral is recommended to replace these depleted nutrients. Lamictal Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this medication. Lasix DEPLETES potassium, magnesium, calcium, and, if used for long periods, vitamin B1. You should avoid taking laxative type herbs (cascara sagrada, rhubarb, senna and aloe vera) with this drug, as the loss of electrolytes can be compounded by the combination. Also avoid diuretic type herbs, such as corn silk, uva ursi, juniper, parsley, and cleavers. Coffee and licorice also increase mineral loss associated with Lasix. Levitra (vardenafil) No reported interactions or depletions. Levoxyl DEPLETES calcium; you may need an extra calcium supplement to make up the loss (especially as decadron and anti-seizure medications also deplete calcium). Because some research suggests cancer patients may have improved prognosis when they have hypothyroid (low thyroid function), you may wish to speak with your doctor to ensure you really require this medication, and take only the lowest dose that ameliorates your symptoms. The herbs lemon balm and bugleweed have thyroid suppressing actions and may need to be avoided by you. Soy foods appear to interfere with the absorption of thyroid medications and the two should be taken at least 2 hours apart.
Lidocaine (Lidoderm patch). CAUTION: sedating nutrients or herbs may exacerbate the CNS depressant effects of this medication. Use caution with 5-HPT, GABA, kava kava, California poppy, lemon balm, valerian, and melatonin supplements. AVOID Foxglove (digitalis family) as it may exacerbate antiarrhythmic effects of this drug. Lipitor  DEPLETE coenzyme Q10 (coQ10), , a nutrient essential for healthy heart and brain function. When this drug is taken long term, supplemental CoQ10 (60-90mg/day) is highly recommended. Lisinopril DEPLETES zinc. Zinc may be replaced with a multivitamin mineral. AVOID potassium supplements or salt substitutes if you have advanced kidney disease or elevated blood potassium. Lithium DEPLETES sodium, especially during initial therapy until stable blood levels of lithium are reached. Brain injury (from brain surgery or inflammation around a brain tumor) can also cause low sodium, compounding this side effect. Vomiting, diarrhea, extreme sweating or excess water intake can also lower your sodium levels. Your doctor can monitor your blood sodium levels. Do not restrict your salt intake at this time. The symptoms of dangerously low sodium (below 135 mmol/L on your blood work) are: fatigue, apathy, light-headedness, weakness, cramping, nausea, bloating or swelling, dizziness, headache, confusion, agitation   or delirium, fainting and disorientation. In severe cases, seizures and coma may result. Limit your fluid intake and call your doctor immediately (or proceed to a hospital emergency room) if these symptoms develop.  
 Lithium ALSO DEPLETES brain stores of inositol, a vitamin in the B-complex family; replacement inositol is typically provided at 500mg 3x/day. Depletion of inositol can trigger or worsen psoriasis, which improves with inositol supplementation in those taking lithium. Some studies have shown that folic acid (200mcg/day) improves response to lithium (a multiple vitamin/mineral can supply this amount of folic acid for you). Of note, essential fatty acids may help reduce the side effects (such as tremor and ataxia) associated with lithium therapy.  Take fiber supplements at least 1-2 hours away from your lithium, as fiber can bind to the drug and reduce its absorption. The supplement 5-HTP (a tryptophan precursor) has shown efficacy in improving bipolar disorder, however, it is contraindicated with patients with brain tumors (please avoid 5-HTP supplements)! Coffee appears to speed the clearance of lithium from the body: if you abruptly alter your coffee consumption, have your doctor monitor your lithium dosage. Lomotil Take this drug away from tannin-containing herbs (green or black tea, uva ursi, black walnut, red raspberry, or witch hazel) which can decrease the drug's absorption. Lopid (gemfibrozil) DEPLETES coQ10 and vitamin E. CoQ10 is essential to the healthy function of heart muscle cells and brain cells. A CoQ10 supplement (30mg 2-3x/day) is recommended for those taking this drug chronically, and can help protect heart and brain function. AVOID the herb called “red yeast rice extract” (marketed under the name “Cholestin”) which can cause a dangerous interaction—resulting in a life-threatening muscle disease —if taken together with this medication. Losartan (Cosaar) Increases blood potassium level. AVOID potassium supplements and perhaps even high potassium foods (vegetable juice, tomato juice, potatoes, winter squash, mushrooms, bananas). Lovastatin (mevacor) DEPLETES coQ10, an important nutrient for the proper functioning of muscles, heart and brain. AVOID red rice yeast extract supplements, which are not safe to take with this medication. Take fiber supplements at least 1-2 hours away from this medication, to avoid binding the drug and reducing its absorption. Large amounts of niacin taken with lovastatin have been reported to cause potentially serious muscle disorders (myopathy or rhabdomyolysis). However, niacin also enhances the cholesterol-lowering effect of lovastatin. Taking as little as 500 mg TID of niacin with lovastatin has been shown to have these complementary, supportive actions with almost none of the side effects seen when higher amounts of niacin are taken. Consult with your doctor before taking niacin. Vitamin E may also benefit you. In a double-blind trial, lovastatin was found to increase oxidative damage to LDL cholesterol and vitamin E was reported to protect against such damage. Lovenox (low-molecular weight heparin) No nutrient depletions known. AVOID high doses of any of the following: vitamin E (above 400iu/day), bromelain (above 6caps/day), garlic (above 5,000mg/day), ginger (above 10 gm/day), magnesium (above 800mg/day), licorice (above 5 grams/day), ginkgo biloba (above 120mg/day) which can increase blood thinness. Also use caution with the following: vitamin K supplements, vitamin C (above 5,000mg/ day), coQ10 (above 200mg/day), which may interfere with the actions of this drug and increase your risk for a clot.
Lyrica No known nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy.  Maxalt Avoid St. John’s wort and 5-HPT supplements while taking this drug. Meclizine (Bonine) Use CAUTION with 5-HTP, GABA and sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian). These supplements may increase the sedative actions of this drug. Use caution with high-dose melatonin supplements, which also may increase the sedating properties of this drug. Medroxyprogesterone (Provera) No drug-nutrient/herb reactions have been reported. May replenish vitamin A and folic acid levels during states of malnutrition. May decrease zinc and magnesium loss during osteoporosis. Unlike other progesterones, this form of progesterone increases VEGF expression in breast cancer cells. Fortunately, curcumin blocks this drug’s secretion of VEGF (Carroll, Ellersieck & Hyder, 2008). Megace Specific nutrient depletions and interactions have not been documented for this drug. Methadone Because this drug uses the liver’s cyp450-3A4 pathway, avoid herbs that also use this pathway and which may cause unwanted contraindications when combined with the drug: curcumin, quercetin, bioflavonoids, grapefruit, soy isoflavones (especially genistein), resveratrol, cat’s claw. Also AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy. When combining melatonin with this drug, begin with a low dose (1-2.5mg) and continue gradually while monitoring for sedating effects. Metoprolol (beta-blocker) DEPLETES coenzyme Q10, a nutrient essential for healthy heart function. When this drug is taken long term, supplemental CoQ10 (60-90mg/day) is highly recommended. Metformin DEPLETES coenzyme Q10, an important nutrient for muscle, heart and brain function. AVOID the following herbs: cocoa, kola, rosemary, black tea (can cause hyperglycemia). Use caution with nutrients or herbs that help lower blood sugar, as these can necessitate that your dose of this drug be changed in order to prevent hypoglycemia. These nutrients include: alpha lipoic acid, chromium, biotin, berberine, vanadium, dandelion, ginseng and gymnema sylvestre. You may wish to use natural means to help control your blood sugar and desire to take some of the items listed here: please inform your doctor so that your dosage of your medication can be adjusted as needed! Methyldopa (Aldomet, Alfamet) DEPLETES CoQ10. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions in the scientific literature. However, avoid alcohol when taking this drug, which can result in impaired coordination, dizziness or drowsiness, increasing the risk of accident or injury. Minocyline DEPLETES vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, K, biotin, inositol, calcium, and magnesium. A multiple vitamin/ mineral can help replace these nutrients. Also depletes Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria, they friendly bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract and support healthy digestion and immune function. The probiotic bacteria should be replaced with a supplement during and following use of this medication. MiraLax No known nutrient depletions when used to control constipation without causing ongoing diarrhea (diarrhea can deplete electrolyte minerals). Use caution with high-dose calcium supplements, as calcium can exacerbate constipation. On the other hand, the mineral magnesium is useful in addressing constipation.  Mirtazapine This drug increases nighttime secretion of melatonin. Talk to your doctor before considering melatonin supplementation while using this drug. Morphine No known or reported nutrient depletions or interactions. Use CAUTION with 5-HTP, GABA and sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian). These supplements can increase the sedative actions of narcotic pain relievers, causing drowsiness, disorientation, and serious lethargy.  Use caution with high-dose melatonin supplements, which also may increase the sedating properties of this drug.. Use care with high dose calcium supplements, which may worsen the constipation side effect of this drug. Multaq No known or reported depletions or interactions. However, taking high doses of calcium may be problematic while taking this drug, especially in light of recent research suggesting calcium supplements may be contraindicated in older individuals with heart disease.  Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this drug.
NSAIDS (Tylenol, Advil, Ibuprfen) DEPLETE folic acid and vitamin C, which can be replaced with a dietary supplement (such as a multiple vitamin). Also depletes melatonin, a very important anti-cancer hormone. Nasonex DEPLETES calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, zinc, folic acid, and vitamins C, and D. A high-potency multiple vitamin/mineral is recommended to replace these nutrients. AVOID digitalis (foxglove) family herbs, which interact negatively with the medication. Neulasta (pegfilgrastim), Neupogen (filgrastim) No known nutrient depletions or interactions. Neurontin (gabapentin) DEPLETES vitamins B6, B12, A, D, and K, folic acid, biotin, carnitine, calcium and magnesium. A multiple vitamin/mineral can help replace these nutrients. If you take this medication long-term, carnitine supplements may help reduce fatigue. Nexium DEPLETES vitamins B1, B12, and D, iron, calcium and zinc. Nexium can cause bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine, and taking a probiotic (acidophilus/bifidus) while taking the drug is important. AVOID St. John's wort. Take magnesium 1-2 hrs away from this drug, as this mineral can bind to the drug and reduce its activity. Niaspan (time-release niacin) No known nutrient depletions or interactions. Nifedipine AVOID the following (unsafe to combine with this medication): pleurisy root, foxglove, grapefruit juice and pomegranate juice. Smoking tobacco can interfere with the efficacy of this drug. Norvasc DEPLETES magnesium and potassium, so you need a healthy diet and multiple vitamin/mineral to help replace these. AVOID grapefruit or grapefruit juice, which can raise your blood levels of this drug and increase your side effects. No additional known interactions at this time. Numoisyn lozenges (saliva substitute). No known drug nutrient interactions. Nystatin No known drug-nutrient interactions. Oxycodone No known or reported nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating 5-HTP, GABA and sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian). These supplements can increase the sedative actions of narcotic pain relievers, causing drowsiness, disorientation, and serious lethargy.   Use caution with high-dose melatonin supplements, which also may increase the sedating properties of this drug. Pepcid DEPLETES iron, calcium, folic acid, zinc, and vitamin B12.  Taking a multiple vitamin/mineral is recommended (see below for recommended multiple products). Percocet is a combination of two drugs paracetamol and oxycodone.  
 For paracetamol: AVOID hibiscus, which may decrease absorption of the drug. Also AVOID alcohol, which can increase the risk of liver damage, cause drowsiness, dizziness of blurred vision when taken with darvocet. Milk thistle may help protect against liver damage if you need to take darvocet for an extended time period (but be aware that milk thistle may be contraindicated with anti-seizure drugs, chemotherapy agents or other drugs). Schisandra may be a better liver protectant with darvocet, and animal studies confirm this benefit. Food, especially foods high in pectin (including jellies), carbohydrates, and large amounts of cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and others) can interfere with paracetamol absorption. Moderate to high amounts of paracetamol have caused liver damage in people with alcoholism. To prevent problems, people taking paracetamol should avoid alcohol. This drug may cause constipation: increase daily intake of fluids, and fiber (but take the fiber ±2 hrs away from percocet).  
 In regards to the Oxycodone portion of this drug: AVOID sedating 5-HTP, GABA and sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian). These supplements can increase the sedative actions of narcotic pain relievers, causing drowsiness, disorientation, and serious lethargy.   Use caution with high-dose melatonin supplements, which also may increase the sedating properties of this drug. Pentamidine No known or reported nutrient depletions or interactions. The metabolism of this drug in humans is unknown. The mechanism of action of this drug is unknown. Phenergan DEPLETES coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B2. CoQ10 appears to be a very helpful enzyme in fighting breast cancer, and you may wish to consider supplementation (see further info on coQ10 later in this report). Vitamin B2 can be replaced with a multiple vitamin.
Phenylpropanolamine with hydrocodone AVOID ephedra (Ma huang) and caffeine as these may cause interactions such as increasing blood pressure. Plaquenil DEPLETES vitamin D. In a case report, plaquenil was shown to block the formation of active vitamin D, which can lead to reduce absorption of calcium. Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements is suggested while taking this drug. AVOID taking magnesium supplements at the same time as this drug (keep the two ±2 hours apart). Magnesium can bind to the drug and reduce its absorption.   Pravachol (Pravastatin) DEPLETES coQ10, an important nutrient for the proper functioning of muscles, heart and brain. AVOID red rice yeast extract supplements, which are not safe to take with this medication. Take fiber supplements at least 1-2 hours away from this medication, to avoid binding the drug and reducing its absorption. Large amounts of niacin taken with statin drugs has been reported to cause potentially serious muscle disorders (myopathy or rhabdomyolysis). However, niacin also enhances the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins. Taking as little as 1,500 mg per day of niacin with the drug has been shown to have these complementary, supportive actions with almost none of the side effects seen when higher amounts of niacin are taken. Consult with your doctor before taking niacin. Fish oil (at a dose of 900-1,800 mg of EPA per day) may enhance this drugs efficacy by lowering triglycerides and raising HDL to lower coronary artery disease risk. Vitamin E may also benefit you. In a double-blind trial, a statin drug was found to increase oxidative damage to LDL cholesterol and vitamin E was reported to protect against such damage. Prevacid (lansoprazole) may DEPLETE beta-carotene, folic acid, vitamin B12. No other herb or nutrient interactions reported. Prilosec With long-term use, this drug DEPLETES vitamin B12, calcium, folic acid, vitamin C, zinc and iron. It may also interfere with protein digestion. Use this medication only as long as is medically necessary.  A multiple vitamin/mineral is recommended to help reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies. AVOID St. John's wort while taking this drug, which can reduce the activity of the drug. Pristiq (desvenlafaxine) No known reactions with foods, nutrients or other supplement compounds. Drugs in a slightly different class of antidepressants (SSRIs) do have interactions with supplements and other nutrients that are worth noting. SSRIs DEPLETE melatonin: be sure to sleep in complete darkness to prompt your body to secrete adequate melatonin. However, use caution with high dose melatonin supplements (above 10mg/day) if you have a history of severe depression lasting 2 years or more. While one study suggests that melatonin in high doses can worsen depression in patients with chronic, severe depression, several other studies have shown melatonin to be a useful aid in treating depression. You may wish to start melatonin supplements at lower doses, and gradually increase the dose while monitoring your mood and sleep habits. This allows you to be certain the melatonin is not causing side effects. AVOID St. John's wort and 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) supplements when taking antidepressants, which can increase serotonin and lead to serotonin excess (causing anxiety). Deficiency of B complex vitamins can reduce the efficacy of SSRIs (and this likely also applies to Pristiq): a quality multiple vitamin can replenish them. Protonix  No known or reported interactions or depletions in the scientific literature at this time. Provigil No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions. However, it may be wise to avoid herbs that have a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, as these may increase the risks associated with this drug: gotu kola, yerba mate, ginseng and caffeine. Prozac AVOID high dose melatonin (above 10mg/day), and 5-HTP, which can increase serotonin and lead to serotonin excess (causing anxiety). DEPLETES melatonin: be sure to sleep in complete darkness to prompt your body to secrete adequate melatonin, a very important anti-cancer hormone. Raloxifene DEPLETES magnesium and vitamin B6. A multiple vitamin/mineral is highly recommended while taking this medication. Reglan (metoclopramide) This GI stimulant may interfere with absorption of nutrients in the intestines. Use of a multiple vitamin/mineral can help protect against deficiencies. AVOID supplements of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) which can interact with this drug causing potentially serious side effects. Also note, lactose intolerant individuals may experience more severe side effects from eating dairy products while taking this medication. Reneron No known or reported interaction at this time.  Restoril No known nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skulcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug, causing disorientation, and serious lethargy. Of note: combining melatonin with this drug has been shown to offer
beneficial effects, improving sleep, and also to assist individuals in discontinuing this class of drugs (benzodiazepines).  Rifampin DEPLETES vitamin D. Have your blood level of vitamin D monitored regularly (twice per year), and consider supplementation to keep it in the range of 60-80ng/dl. Risperidone AVOID alcohol, which may increase this drugs sedative effects. AVOID herbs with sedative actions— chamomile, California poppy, catnip, elecampane, ginseng Siberian, goldenseal, gotu kola, hops, Jamaican dogwood, kava, lemon balm, passionflower, sage, St. John’s wort, sassafras, skullcap, shepherd’s purse, valerian, and yerba mansa—which may increase CNS sedation while taking this drug. Use caution with highdose melatonin (begin with a low dose and gradually increase to find tolerated dose. Do not take lithium with Risperdal, which can cause fever, confusion and/or delirium. The amino acid glycine can support the efficacy of this drug. Vitamins E and B6 may help reduce side effects associated with this drug. Ritalin (Methylphenidate) No known or reported drug-nutrient interactions in the scientific literature. However, avoid alcohol when taking this drug, which can result in impaired coordination, dizziness or drowsiness, increasing the risk of accident or injury. Senna (Senokot) DEPLETES potassium and magnesium. Septra (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole) DEPLETES folic acid, biotin and B complex vitamins and vitamin K. Also depletes Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria, the friendly bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract and support healthy digestion and immune function. The probiotic bacteria should be replaced with a supplement during and following use of this medication. Seroquel Use CAUTION with sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skulcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of the drug.  Sertraline (SSRI antidepressant) DEPLETES melatonin: be sure to sleep in complete darkness to prompt your body to secrete adequate melatonin (melatonin is very important in helping you fight cancer). However, use caution with high dose melatonin supplements (above 10mg/day) if you have a history of severe depression lasting 2 years or more. While one study suggests that melatonin in high doses can worsen depression in patients with chronic, severe depression, several other studies have shown melatonin to be a useful aid in treating depression. Begin melatonin supplements at lower doses (2-2.5mg per night), and gradually increase the dose while monitoring your mood and sleep habits. This allows us to be certain the melatonin is not causing side effects. AVOID St. John's wort and 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) supplements when taking antidepressants, which can increase serotonin and lead to serotonin excess (causing anxiety). Deficiency of B complex vitamins can reduce the efficacy of this medication: a quality multiple vitamin is recommended. Simethicone (Phazyme) No known nutrient/herb interactions or depletions. Simvastatin DEPLETES coQ10, an important nutrient for the proper functioning of muscles, heart and brain. AVOID red rice yeast extract supplements, which are not safe to take with this medication. Take fiber supplements at least 1-2 hours away from this medication, to avoid binding the drug and reducing its absorption. Large amounts of niacin taken with statin drugs has been reported to cause potentially serious muscle disorders (myopathy or rhabdomyolysis). However, niacin also enhances the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins. Taking as little as 500 mg TID of niacin with the drug has been shown to have these complementary, supportive actions with almost none of the side effects seen when higher amounts of niacin are taken. Consult with your doctor before taking niacin. Vitamin E may also benefit you. In a double-blind trial, a statin drug was found to increase oxidative damage to LDL cholesterol and vitamin E was reported to protect against such damage. Sinemet  Food, especially foods high in protein, compete with levodopa for absorption. However, levodopa may be taken with food to avoid stomach upset. It is important to take levodopa at the same time every day, always with or always without food. People with questions about levodopa and food should ask their prescribing doctor or pharmacist. Taking sustained-release Sinemet¨ CR with food may increase blood levels of levodopa. It is important to take Sinemet at the same time every day, always with or always without food. AVOID iron and 5HTP or St. John's wort supplements. Iron supplements taken with carbidopa interfere with the action of the drug. People taking carbidopa should not supplement iron without consulting the prescribing physician. Several cases of scleroderma-like illness have been reported in patients using carbidopa and 5-HTP. People taking carbidopa should not supplement 5-HTP (or the herb St. John's wort, which elevates 5-HTP levels) without consulting the prescribing physician.
Singulair AND Albuterol AVOID the herbal product forskolin, it can increase the effects (and side effects) of these drugs. Sitagliptin (Januvia) No know nutrient depletions or interactions at this time. Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diurectic) DEPLETES folic acid and sodium. AVOID the following herbs which may cause undesirable interactions: buchu, cleavers, dandelion, gravel root, horsetail, juniper, and uva ursi. Avoid taking potassium supplements (or using potassium-based salts) while using this drug. Sulfasalazine  DEPLETES folic acid, which can be replaced with a multiple vitamin.  Synthroid DEPLETES calcium; you may need an extra calcium supplement to make up the loss (especially as decadron and anti-seizure medications also deplete calcium). AVOID two herbs: lemon balm and bugle weed, which may interfere with the actions of this medication. Soy foods appear to interfere with the absorption of thyroid medications and the two should be taken at least 2-3 hours apart. Tagamet (Cimetidine) DEPLETES (or interferes with the absorption or function of) iron, vitamin B12 and vitamin D. A multiple vitamin/mineral is suggested to replenish these nutrients. AVOID taking magnesium at the same time, which may bind to the medication and reduce its efficacy. Take magnesium at least two hours away from Tagamet. Also avoid caffeine—found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, guarana (Paullinia cupana). Cimetidine may decrease the clearance of caffeine from the body, causing increased caffeine blood levels and unwanted actions. Tamoxifen A bioflavonoid called tangeretin has been shown to interfere with and increase the side effects of tamoxifen. You should avoid any bioflavonoid supplement that contains a mixture of the bioflavonoids.  Tamoxifen can increase the risk of blood clots, particularly in individuals with limited mobility, high inflammation, or blood type O. You could ask your doctor to monitor the risk with a simple blood test call Prothrombin Time (PT time). If your blood is "clotty," you could use supplements like Nattokinase to reduce the risk considerably, without thinning your blood. Also, a study at Cleveland Clinic has shown that cancer patients with low thyroid function respond better to tamoxifen than those with normal thyroid function. Have your thyroid function tested. If it is normal or elevated, we can take steps to slightly suppress it (unless you have malignant melanoma, for which TSH appears to be a stimulating agent). Tegretol (Carbatrol, carbamazepine) DEPLETES vitamin D, biotin, calcium and folic acid. You can help replace these nutrients by taking a quality multiple vitamin/mineral supplement. AVOID high doses of folic acid (above 2,000mcg/day), vitamin B6 (above 75mg/day), which may interfere with the anti-seizure actions of this drug.  Tetrathiomolybdate DEPLETES copper as part of its therapeutic action. Do not take copper supplements or a multiple vitamin/mineral that contains copper. AVOID molybdenum in doses higher than that provided in a multiple vitamin mineral, zinc at doses above 150mg per day, MSM in doses higher than 3-5 grams per day. Thalidomide No known or reported nutrient depletions. AVOID sedating herbs (e.g., lemon balm, kava kava, california poppy, catnip, St. John’s wort, skullcap, and valerian) which can increase the sedative actions of thalidomide, causing drowsiness, disorientation, and serious lethargy.  Thyroid medications AVOID two herbs: lemon balm and bugle weed, which may interfere with the actions of this medication. Tianeptine (Coaxil) No nutrient/herb interactions or depletions are known or expected for this drug. Tramadol This drug blocks the re-uptake of serotonin in the brain. Taking supplements that increase serotonin could potentially lead to excess serotonin and increase tramodol-induced side effects. AVOID St. John’s wort and 5HTP (tryptophan) while taking this drug. Avoid alcohol, which may intensify the effects and increase the risk of accidental injury.  Trazodone AVOID St. John's wort, 5-HTP, Ginkgo biloba, and herbs containing digitalis (like foxglove), which are unsafe to take with this medication. This drug has no known nutrient depletions. Triamcinolone No known or reported drug nutrient interactions at this time. Trileptal (oxycarbazepine) Depletes biotin, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin D. Tylenol AVOID hibiscus within one hour of taking this drug as it may interfere with drug absorption. Vitamin C may increase drug bioavailability, possibly reducing the amount of drug needed. Milk thistle, N-acetyl-cysteine, and schizandra may prevent liver toxicity caused by this drug.
Tylenol with codeine AVOID hibiscus and herbs that are high in tannins (green tea, black tea, uva ursi, black walnut, red raspberry, oak, and witch hazel) within one hour of taking this drug as they may interfere with drug absorption. Vitamin C may increase drug bioavailability, possibly reducing the amount of drug needed. Milk thistle, N-acetyl-cysteine, and schizandra may prevent liver toxicity caused by this drug. Valtrex (valacyclovir) No known nutrient or supplement interactions at this time. Vancomycin DEPLETES folic acid, biotin and B complex vitamins and vitamin K. Also depletes Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria, the friendly bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract and support healthy digestion and immune function. The probiotic bacteria should be replaced with a supplement during and following use of this medication. Verapamil (calcium-channel blocker) AVOID excessive supplementation with calcium or vitamin D (beyond dose in a multiple vitamin/ mineral or the RDA) which can interfere with the ability of this drug to control your blood pressure. Also avoid Panax ginseng and licorice which can interfere with this medication. You should avoid drinking daily grapefruit juice, which can interfere with the proper metabolic clearance of this drug and increase your risk of an overdose and side effects or toxicity. This drugs is metabolized in the liver via the cyp450-3A4 pathway. Herbs that also use this metabolic pathway may interact with this drug (see box above). Of note, you may be pleased to learn that taking this drug together with chemotherapy may improve the efficacy of the chemotherapy by inhibiting the mechanism cancer cells use to extrude (eliminate) the chemo drug. Vicodin No known nutrient depletions. AVOID hibiscus (which decreases the level of this drug, reducing its efficacy). Vitamin C in high doses (at or above 3,000mg/day) has been shown to prolongs the amount of time this drug stays in the body. This effect may allow you to decrease the dose of your drug, however, it could also increase the risk of side effects. Milk thistle (200mg/day containing 80% silymarin) and/or the herb schisandra, have been reported to help protect the liver from damage in patients taking this drug. Vimpat (lacosamide) No known or reported nutrient or supplement interactions with this drug. Vorinostat There are currently know published data on drug-nutrient depletions or interactions for this new drug. However, reviewing the pharmacology and mechanism of action data, the following supplements are expected contraindications: N-acetyl-cysteine and acetyl-L-carnitine. Wellbutrin Specific nutrient depletions have not been documented for this drug. AVOID alcohol while taking this drug. Zantac (ranitidine) DEPLETES iron, calcium, folic acid, zinc, and vitamin B12.  Taking a multiple vitamin/mineral can replace these nutrients. Zegerid No known nutrient/herb depletions or interactions at this time. Zetia inhibits cholesterol absorption, without interfering with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and essential fats. However, it does block the absorption of plant-based sterols, with unknown effects on the body. Increasing fiber consumption, reducing sugar/carbohydrates, and exercise are complementary strategies to help control your cholesterol. Ziac DEPLETES potassium, magnesium, calcium, and, if used for long periods, vitamin B1. You should avoid taking laxative type herbs (cascara sagrada, rhubarb, senna and aloe vera) with this drug, as the loss of electrolytes can be compounded by the combination. Also avoid diuretic type herbs, such as corn silk, uva ursi, juniper, parsley, and cleavers. Coffee and licorice also increase mineral loss associated with diuretics. Zocor DEPLETE coenzyme Q10 (coQ10), , a nutrient essential for healthy heart and brain function. When this drug is taken long term, supplemental CoQ10 (60-90mg/day) is highly recommended. ✘ Supplements that affect the 3A4 metabolic pathway ✘ Supplements that affect the 3A4 metabolic pathway ✘ Supplements that affect the 3A4 metabolic pathway • Andrographis • Artemisia • Baikal • Bloodroot • Bioflavanoids • Caffeine • Cat’s Claw • Chamomile • Cranberry • Curcumin • Dan shen • Echinacea • Genistein • Ginkgo biloba (not in humans) • Goldenseal • Grapefruit • Green tea • Hops • Licorice • Milk thistle • Oregano • Panax ginseng • Pomegranate • Pycnogenol • Quercetin • Resveratrol • Rhodiola • Schizandra • Skullcap • Soy isoflavones • St. John’s wort • Turmeric • Valerian
Zofran (ondansetron) AVOID ipriflavone with Zofran, which may increase the drug's side effects or risk of toxicity. Use caution with DHEA supplements, which may possibly increase Zofran's effects. Zolodex AVOID vitex, black cohosh, maca, tribulus, horny goat weed, and tongkat ali (Eurycoma longfolia) which may potentially interfere with the actions of this drug. Zolpidem AVOID St. John's wort, 5-HTP and tryptophan which can cause harmful side effects when combined with this drug (such as hallucinations). Zometa (zoledronic acid) No known or reported interactions at this time. Zomig AVOID caffeine (in coffee, tea, mate, cola nut, guarana), nicotine, alcohol, 5-HTP, St. John's wort, capsaicin, Feverfew, Ginkgo. Prolonged use of the following herbs: Black Hellebore, Buckthorn, Cascara sagrada, Chinese rhubarb, Frangula, Lily-of-the-Valley, Ma-Huang, and Strophanthus can cause arrhythmias as a side effect and therefore, may potentiate the adverse reactions of this drug. Zyprexa  AVOID 5-HTP, St. John's wort and L-tryptophan supplements while taking this drug. Vitamin B6 and E may reduce the side effects associated with this drug. Supplemental glycine (an amino acid) has been show in research studies to enhance the efficacy of the drug. Zyrtec  AVOID herbs that have sedative effects, which may increase drowsiness when taking this drug. These herbs include: kava kava, valerian, passionflower, chamomile, lemon balm, catnip and california poppy.